[Header]
Format=SMU
ver=3
appl=GUMWB32
MR=0
SUR=0
SUP=0
UIP=1
UCR=0
status=2
FUEB=0

[Title]
Title='Calibration of a coaxial step attenuator at a setting of 30 dB (incremental\sp\loss)'
Ref='S7'
Date='08/22/2007'
Version=''
Author='EA'
Description=14
Description[0]='This Example is taken from EA 4/02. See EA 4/02 Section S7 for more details.'
Description[1]=''
Description[2]='The measurement involves the calibration of a'
Description[3]='coaxial step attenuator at 10 GHz using an attenuation measuring system'
Description[4]='containing a'
Description[5]='calibrated step attenuator which acts as the attenuation reference. The method'
Description[6]='of measurement involves the determination of the attenuation between a'
Description[7]='matched source and matched load. In this case the unknown attenuator can be'
Description[8]='switched between a'
Description[9]='setting of 0'
Description[10]='dB and 30 dB and it is this change (called incremental loss) that is determined'
Description[11]='in the calibration process. The attenuation measuring system has a'
Description[12]='digital readout and an analogue null detector which is used to indicate the'
Description[13]='balance condition.'
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[Model]
Model=1
Model[0]='L_X = L_S + \delta\L_S + \delta\L_D + \delta\L_M + \delta\L_K + \delta\L_ib - \delta\L_ia + \delta\L_0b - \delta\L_0a'
CE=1
CTC=1

[Components]
CompOrder=3
Comp=10
Comp[0]=L_X_
Comp[1]=L_S_
Comp[2]=\delta\L_S_
Comp[3]=\delta\L_D_
Comp[4]=\delta\L_M_
Comp[5]=\delta\L_K_
Comp[6]=\delta\L_ib_
Comp[7]=\delta\L_ia_
Comp[8]=\delta\L_0b_
Comp[9]=\delta\L_0a_

[COMP 0]
Type=Result
Definition='attenuation of the attenuator to becalibrated'
Unit='dB'
Description=0
Fcov=2
NomUnit=
UncUnit=
CovID=1
UncID=0
Vnom=30.04325
Ustd=0.0224185377162145
Neff=108
HB=1
HC=0
HR=1
IO=0
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 1]
Type=TypAExper
Definition='=L_ib - L_ia attenuation difference of reference attenuator at 30 dB and 0 dB'
Unit='dB'
Description=3
Description[0]='MEASUREMENTS: Four observations are made of the incremental loss of the'
Description[1]='attenuator to be calibrated between settings of 0'
Description[2]='dB and 30 dB. (see EAL-R2-S1:S7.11)'
Observations=4
Reading=4
Reading[0]=30.033
Reading[1]=30.058
Reading[2]=30.018
Reading[3]=30.052
Mode=0
MinObs=4
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 2]
Type=TypBNormal
Definition='correction obtained from the calibration of the reference attentuator'
Unit='dB'
Description=8
Description[0]='REFERENCE ATTENUATOR: The calibration certificate for the reference attenuator'
Description[1]='gives a'
Description[2]='value of attenuation for the 30,000 dB setting at 10 GHz of 30,003 dB with an'
Description[3]='associated expanded uncertainty of 0,005 dB (coverage factor k=2). The'
Description[4]='correction of +0,003 dB with the associated expanded uncertainty of 0,005 dB'
Description[5]='(coverage factor k=2) is considered to be valid for attenuation settings of the'
Description[6]='reference attenuator which differ not more ±0,1 dB from the calibrated setting'
Description[7]='of 30,000 dB.'
Vnom=0.003
Uexp=0.005
Fcov=2
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 3]
Type=TypBRectang
Definition='change of the attenuation of the reference attenuator since its last calibration due to drift'
Unit='dB'
Description=3
Description[0]='DRIFT OF THE REFERENCE: The drift of the attenuation of the reference'
Description[1]='attenuator is estimated from its calibration history to be zero with limits'
Description[2]='±0,002 dB.'
Vnom=0.0
Hlim=0.002
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 4]
Type=TypBUShaped
Definition='correction due to mismatch loss'
Unit='dB'
Description=1
Description[0]='MISMATCH LOSS: (see EAL-R2-S1:S7.6)'
Vnom=0.0
Hlim=0.0283
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 5]
Type=TypBRectang
Definition='correction for leakage signals between input and output of the attenuator to be calibrated due to imperfect isolation'
Unit='dB'
Description=5
Description[0]='LEAKAGE CORRECTION: Leakage signals through the attenuator to be calibrated'
Description[1]='have been estimated from the measurements at 0'
Description[2]='dB setting to be at least 100 dB below the measurement signal. The correction'
Description[3]='for leakage signals is estimated from these findings to be within ±0,003 dB at'
Description[4]='the 30 dB setting.'
Vnom=0.0
Hlim=0.003
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 6]
Type=TypBRectang
Definition='correction due to the limited resolution of the reference detector at 30 dB'
Unit='dB'
Description=4
Description[0]='RESOLUTION OF THE REFERENCE ATTENUATOR SETTING: The digital readout of the'
Description[1]='reference attenuator has a'
Description[2]='resolution of 0,001 dB from which the correction for resolution is estimated to'
Description[3]='be within ±0.0005 dB.'
Vnom=0.0
Hlim=0.0005
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 7]
Type=TypBRectang
Definition='correction due to the limited resolution of the reference detector at 0 dB'
Unit='dB'
Description=4
Description[0]='RESOLUTION OF THE REFERENCE ATTENUATOR SETTING: The digital readout of the'
Description[1]='reference attenuator has a'
Description[2]='resolution of 0,001 dB from which the correction for resolution is estimated to'
Description[3]='be within ±0.0005 dB.'
Vnom=0.0
Hlim=0.0005
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 8]
Type=TypBNormal
Definition='correction due to the limited resolution of the null detector at 30 dB'
Unit='dB'
Description=4
Description[0]='RESOLUTION OF THE NULL DETECTOR: The detector resolution was determined from a'
Description[1]='previous evaluation to have a'
Description[2]='standard deviation of 0,002 dB at each reading with assumed normal probability'
Description[3]='distribution.'
Vnom=0.0
Uexp=0.002
Fcov=1.0
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[COMP 9]
Type=TypBNormal
Definition='correction due to the limited resolution of the null detector at 0 dB'
Unit='dB'
Description=4
Description[0]='RESOLUTION OF THE NULL DETECTOR: The detector resolution was determined from a'
Description[1]='previous evaluation to have a'
Description[2]='standard deviation of 0,002 dB at each reading with assumed normal probability'
Description[3]='distribution.'
Vnom=0.0
Uexp=0.002
Fcov=1
PictureCount=1
DCount=1

[Correlations]
Description=0

[CalCorr]
CNT=9
R[0,4]=0.8926149
R[0,1]=0.4073473
R[0,2]=0.1115149
R[0,8]=0.0892119
R[0,9]=-0.0892119
R[0,5]=0.0772598
R[0,3]=0.0515065
R[0,6]=0.0128766
R[0,7]=-0.0128766